Fig 1: CXCL9 participates in the pathological process of APAP-induced liver injury. (A) Serum levels of CXCL9 were significantly higher in patients who took APAP compared with controls. (B) Compared with mice injected with PBS, those injected with APAP presented increased mRNA levels of CXCL9 lasting up to 12 h. **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001, with comparisons indicated by lines. CXCL9, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9; APAP, acetaminophen.
Fig 2: Neutralization of CXCL9 attenuates APAP-induced liver injury. (A) Serum levels of ALT and (B) AST were significantly lower in mice injected with anti-CXCL9 neutralizing antibody compared with controls. **P<0.01 vs. WT APAP+IgG. (C) Neutralization of CXCL9 attenuated APAP-induced liver injury, as evidenced by HE staining (magnification ×200). (D) TUNEL assay indicated that hepatocyte apoptosis was alleviated in liver tissues following anti-CXCL9 neutralizing antibody administration (magnification ×200). **P<0.01, with comparisons indicated by lines. CXCL9, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9; APAP, acetaminophen; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; WT, wild-type; HE, hematoxylin and eosin; TUNEL, transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling.
Fig 3: CXCL9 promotes hepatocyte apoptosis via the AKT pathway. (A) Activities of caspase-3 and (B) caspase-8 in primary WT hepatocytes were elevated following CXCL9 treatment for 4 and 8 h. (C and D) The AKT pathway was activated within the first 5 min of CXCL9 treatment in a time-dependent manner, with the effect lasting up to 8 h. **P<0.01 vs. untreated control. CXCL9, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9; AKT, protein kinase B; WT, wild type.
Fig 4: CXCL9 induces CXCR3-mediated apoptosis in mouse liver. (A) At 24 h following intraperitoneal injection of CXCL9, caspase-3 activity in the liver tissues of WT mice was significantly higher compared with the liver tissues of CXCR3−/− mice. (B) Serum levels of ALT and (C) AST were also higher in WT mice injected with CXCL9 compared with CXCR3−/− mice. **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs. control. CXCL9, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9; CXCR3, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3; WT, wild type; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase.
Fig 5: CXCL9 induces hepatocyte apoptosis via binding to CXCR3. (A) No significant differences in expression of caspase-3 and (B) caspase-8 were detected after CXCL9-stimulation for 4 and 8 h in primary hepatocytes isolated from CXCR3−/− mice. (C and D) There was no significant difference in AKT pathway activation after CXCL9 treatment for 8 h. CXCL9, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-9; CXCR3, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3; AKT, protein kinase B.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Human CXCL9 ELISA Kit